Hedgehogs as Pets: A Complete Care Guide
Hedgehogs are fascinating little creatures that have been gaining popularity as exotic pets around the world. With their round bodies, quills, and curious personalities, they can make unique companions for the right owner. However, keeping a hedgehog as a pet requires knowledge, patience, and proper care to ensure they live a happy and healthy life.
In this guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about hedgehogs and how to care for them as pets.
Understanding Hedgehogs as Pets
Hedgehogs are small, nocturnal mammals covered with spines (quills) on their back and fur on their underside. The most commonly kept species as pets is the African Pygmy Hedgehog. They are solitary, shy animals that prefer calm environments and can live up to 4–6 years in captivity with proper care.
They are not cuddly in the traditional sense, but with patience, hedgehogs can bond with their owners and enjoy gentle handling.
Housing and Habitat Setup
Creating a safe and comfortable environment is the first step in hedgehog care.
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Enclosure Size: A minimum of 2 ft x 3 ft cage space is recommended. Bigger is always better since hedgehogs love to explore.
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Cage Type: Large plastic-bottom cages, glass tanks, or DIY enclosures work well. Avoid wire floors as they can hurt their feet.
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Temperature: Hedgehogs need warmth between 72–80°F (22–27°C). Temperatures below 70°F can trigger dangerous hibernation attempts. A ceramic heat emitter or heating pad is ideal.
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Bedding: Use paper-based bedding, fleece liners, or aspen shavings. Avoid pine or cedar shavings, as they release harmful oils.
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Hiding Spot: Provide hideouts like igloos, tunnels, or small houses to help them feel secure.
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Exercise Wheel: A solid-surface wheel (12 inches) is essential for exercise. Avoid wired wheels to prevent injury.
Diet and Nutrition
Hedgehogs are insectivores by nature, but in captivity, they thrive on a specialized diet.
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Staple Food: High-quality commercial hedgehog food or low-fat cat food (dry kibble).
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Protein Sources: Mealworms, crickets, cooked chicken, or scrambled eggs as occasional treats.
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Fruits & Vegetables: Apples, berries, carrots, and peas in small amounts. Avoid citrus fruits and grapes.
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Water: Fresh water should always be available in a bowl or bottle. Bowls are usually preferred as they mimic natural drinking.
⚠️ Avoid foods like chocolate, avocado, onions, garlic, nuts, raw meat, and processed human snacks—they are toxic for hedgehogs.
Handling and Socialization
Hedgehogs can be shy at first, but regular gentle handling will help them get used to you.
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Patience is Key: Hedgehogs may roll into a ball when frightened. Give them time and handle them gently.
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Bonding Time: Spend short sessions daily, preferably in the evening when they’re active.
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Scent Familiarity: Let them smell your hands and clothing to recognize your scent.
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Playtime: Create a safe play area where they can explore under supervision.
Health and Grooming
Keeping your hedgehog healthy requires regular care.
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Veterinary Care: Find an exotic pet vet experienced with hedgehogs. Regular checkups help prevent illness.
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Common Health Issues: Obesity, mites, respiratory infections, and dental issues.
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Bathing: Hedgehogs may need occasional baths using warm water and a soft toothbrush to clean quills and feet.
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Nail Trimming: Regularly trim nails to prevent overgrowth.
Pros and Cons of Hedgehogs as Pets
Pros
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Small and don’t require huge living space.
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Low odor compared to other small pets.
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Fascinating and unique behavior.
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Generally quiet (good for apartments).
Cons
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Nocturnal (active at night).
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Can be shy or defensive.
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Require special heating and diet.
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May not be suitable for young children.
Final Thoughts
Hedgehogs can make rewarding pets for individuals who appreciate exotic animals and are willing to meet their specific needs. They are not the right choice for everyone, but for dedicated owners, they offer companionship, curiosity, and joy.
Before adopting a hedgehog, research local laws, as keeping them as pets is restricted in some areas. Always adopt from a responsible breeder or rescue to ensure a healthy, well-socialized pet.
With the right care, your hedgehog can thrive and become a delightful little companion in your home.
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